No...No...No...Seriously, can we finally just stop this stuff? All of it...sit ups, crunches, 1/2 crunches, ab machines, curls, curl ups...whatever you want to call them, ENOUGH ALREADY. As a collective populous the people of the world have done enough loaded ab flexion to last us for the next several decades. (As the saying goes, if I had a dollar for every situp...)
I was speaking with my good friend,
MAT therapist Kazu about this the other day and we were trying to figure out when and why situp activities were elevated to such a position of power and respect becoming the default standard exercise in every freakin' sport or conditioning regimen.
If we are going for exercises that can be done lying on the ground without any equipment, then a far better candidate for that title slot would have been prone cobras. I am not saying they are the best thing in the world, but at least the cobra aligns with human evolution and anthropological common sense.
Yes...Think old-school for a second, people. Really old-school, like 20,000 years old...back when just keeping your butt alive was a workout and you didn't concern yourself with extra training. For hunter-gatherer types trying to put food in their mouths, loaded spinal flexion was probably limited to low reps of throwing objects (with low load because heavy objects don't fly far) and punching things. In contrast, the body was more likely subjected to greater volumes of loaded spinal extension (bending over to pick up objects) and resisting spinal extension (pushing on something from an upright torso position).
Granted this is a highly simplistic overview of spinal mechanics, and of course there may have been instances of wrasslin' something or someone (where having strong flexion capabilities from a supine position could have been a boon), but the big picture is we are far better served to develop our spinal extension strength and resistance to spinal extension than spinal flexion...that is how our bodies evolved to operate.
So where did all the sit ups come from?
Kazu and I figured that once weight training for strongman activities shifted to weight training for aesthetic purposes, people got enamored with the 6-pack physique and the quest for abs began with situp activities. And what a misguided quest it became. Not only do sit up activities contribute little or nothing to the reduction of body fat around the midsection (something that has to happen in order to see those coveted abdominals), the high rep count that most people subject themselves to is essentially worthless for hypertrophication of the abdominals.
Any trainer or coach with a minimum entry level education knows that muscle hypertrophy occurs around the 8 to 12 rep range when loaded with approximately 80% of the one rep max load...so if you want your abs to thicken up (and I am not neccesarily advocating this) what is the rationale for doing 100 or so crunch ups off the floor? Stop and think if you can seriously justify this. Would you follow this rep scheme if you were trying to add size to your legs, back or arms? (And no, this doesn't mean you should use a seated ab machine with high resistance...unless you actually want quadratus lumborum problems and a disk herniation.)
Hell no...Not to mention that crunching or sitting up from the floor is working only a portion of your full range of motion for the anterior side of your abdominal wall...so again why is this useful if the goal is to increase the ab size (for definition) and/or diminish body fat? (And no, ladies...lots of crunches won't 'tone' your midsection...if they did wouldn't it have happened for you all ready?)
Furthermore, if you stop and consider modern lifestyles where everyone is sitting on their butt all day long creating chronic tension and shortening of the anterior muscular of the trunk and hips, it is obvious that situp activites will contribute to musculoskeletal dysfunction. If you sit hunched over at a desk and/or in your car all day long, why on earth would you then lay on the ground and force your body to flex forward more? The correct response to day of sitting and hunching is something like prone cobras, which I mentioned earlier...not more forward flexing.
And don't even try to play the athlete card on me here either...athletes don't need them. I have trained highly competitive athletes and dramatically improved their performance without once (not even one time!) having them do sit ups or crunches.
If you really understand functional anatomy, you could probably discern when a loaded spinal flexion activity might be warranted for yourself or someone you are coaching. But the global use of sit up activities for general fitness or athletic conditioning was not a good idea to begin with, and is currently well past its expiration date and needs to be tossed out in favor of more intelligent protocols.